INTRODUCTION TO INTERNATIONAL RELATION

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International Relations as an academic discipline is a new subject in the social sciences. It is related to the relations between sovereign nation-states. The present nation-state system emerged after the Treaty of Westphalia (1648). However, at that time relations were not truly international as there was not a high degree of interaction and interdependence among states. With the advancement in transportation and communication fields, states came closer to each other, and relations began to be truly international. With the complexion and expansion of state activities international relations, received much importance In academic disciplines.




International Relations Defined 

The word "international" was used for the first time by Germy Bentham, a great utilitarian of eighteenth-century with regard to the law of nations. 
The prefix 'inter' means between or among' and 'national' means of nations' The world ‘relations' means “links, contacts, or dealings. Thus, international relations mean "links, contacts or dealings among nations of the world”.

Nature of International Relations (Two Views) 

There is a difference among the writers about the nature of international relations. Some scholars take a narrow and strict view and regard it as official relations between sovereign states. 

These scholars exclude economic, social, and cultural relations amongst the states from the purview of the subject. According to them, only official relations conducted by authorized leaders can truly be international relations. Some of the scholars, however, reject the narrow view and include not only official relations but also trade, financial intercourse, missionary activities, trans-cultural activities, etc. within the purview of international relations. 

The present tendency among scholars is to support the broad view of international relations. They say that the world system has been so interconnected because of ideological, political, and economic reasons that the states are completely dependent upon each other. Even at present, it is difficult to draw a boundary line between international and national relations. For example, the human rights issue which once was considered the state's internal problem has now become an international issue.

Thus, in short, apart from official relations between states, all intercourses among and all movements of people, goods, and ideas across the national frontiers fell within the purview of international relations.

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